PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy) is a laser eye surgery that corrects refractive errors by reshaping the cornea's surface. It was the first FDA-approved.
Last reviewed: 2026-05-06
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Content is educational and planning-oriented. It does not replace diagnosis, treatment, or personalized medical advice from a licensed healthcare professional. Outcomes vary by individual case.
PRK is FDA-approved since 1996 and may suit patients with thinner corneas who aren't ideal LASIK candidates.
Pre-surgery preparation includes contact lens discontinuation (2-4 weeks) and comprehensive eye examinations.
Recovery takes 1-6 months for full vision stabilization—plan adequate time before travel.
Verify surgeon credentials, facility standards, and post-operative care protocols before booking.
Educational information only
This content is general education and does not replace evaluation by a licensed clinician. If you have symptoms, complications, or urgent concerns, seek in-person medical care.
What Is PRK? A Quick Overview
PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy) is a laser eye surgery that corrects refractive errors by reshaping the cornea's surface. It was the first FDA-approved laser vision correction procedure in 1996 and predates LASIK S1. Explore our eye treatments to understand how PRK compares to other vision correction options.
Unlike LASIK, PRK doesn't create a corneal flap—the surface epithelium is removed entirely and allowed to regenerate naturally. This makes PRK particularly suitable for patients with thinner corneas or those at higher risk of eye trauma from activities like contact sports or military service S2.
PRK can correct myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), and astigmatism. The procedure typically takes 10-15 minutes per eye, though the total visit may be several hours including preparation and post-operative monitoring S1.
For patients considering medical travel to Istanbul, PRK offers an advantage: the absence of a corneal flap means the cornea may be structurally stronger long-term compared to LASIK, which can be relevant for active individuals S2. Discover our comprehensive eye health resources for more information on vision correction options.
Are You a Good Candidate for PRK?
Eligibility Requirements
Not everyone is a suitable candidate for PRK. A comprehensive eye examination by a qualified ophthalmologist is essential to determine individual suitability S2. Key eligibility factors include:
Refractive Stability
Your prescription should be stable for at least 12 months, with less than 0.50 diopter (D) change during that period. Hormonal changes from pregnancy, breastfeeding, or significant weight fluctuations can affect refractive stability and may require postponement S2.
Corneal Characteristics
Adequate corneal thickness is critical—typically greater than 480-500 micrometers (μm) total corneal thickness, with at least 250-300 μm of residual stromal bed remaining after the ablation S2. Your surgeon will measure corneal thickness using pachymetry during your pre-operative evaluation.
Ocular Health
You should have no active ocular surface disease, significant cataract, uncontrolled glaucoma, or corneal ectatic disorders like keratoconus or pellucid marginal degeneration S2.
Systemic Health
Uncontrolled autoimmune or connective tissue diseases may impair healing and are typically contraindications. Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or Sjögren's syndrome require careful evaluation S2.
When PRK May Not Be Right for You
Certain conditions may be absolute or relative contraindications S2:
Absolute Contraindications
Keratoconus or other corneal ectasia
Significant cataracts affecting vision
Active connective tissue diseases
Uncontrolled glaucoma
Relative Contraindications
Pregnancy or nursing (hormonal effects on corneal stability)
History of herpes simplex keratitis (requires antiviral prophylaxis)
Uncontrolled diabetes
Certain medications including isotretinoin (Accutane) and amiodarone
Consultation Required
This information is educational only. Only a qualified ophthalmologist can determine your individual suitability for PRK after a comprehensive examination.
Your Pre-Surgery Checklist
Required Eye Examinations
Before PRK, you will undergo a series of comprehensive evaluations S2:
| Examination | Purpose |
|-------------|---------|
| Manifest and cycloplegic refraction | Measures your exact prescription |
| Corneal topography | Maps corneal shape and detects irregularities |
| Pachymetry | Measures total corneal thickness |
| Tear film assessment | Evaluates for dry eye conditions |
| Pupil size measurement | Assesses night vision considerations |
| Dilated fundus exam | Checks retinal health |
Contact Lens Preparation
Contact lens wear affects corneal shape, so discontinuation is essential before accurate measurements S2:
Soft contact lenses: Remove at least 2 weeks before your pre-operative examination
Hard/rigid gas permeable lenses: Remove 3-4 weeks before examination
Orthokeratology lenses: May require several months discontinuation
This allows your cornea to return to its natural shape for accurate surgical planning.
Arrive with a companion who can transport you home
Avoid makeup, lotions, perfumes, and contact lenses
Wear comfortable, clean clothing
Bring prescribed eye drops as directed
Plan for 2-3 hours at the facility total
During the Procedure
Numbing eye drops are applied—you remain awake but shouldn't feel pain
A speculum keeps your eye open
The epithelium is gently removed
The laser reshapes the cornea (typically 10-15 seconds per eye)
A bandage contact lens is placed for protection
After Surgery
Rest at the facility for a short monitoring period
Your surgeon will provide post-operative instructions
Arrange for someone to transport you home—you cannot drive immediately
Driving After PRK
Most patients cannot drive for 1-2 weeks after PRK. Vision fluctuates significantly during initial healing, and you'll need clearance from your surgeon before driving. Plan to arrange transportation for your initial recovery period, particularly if traveling internationally.
PRK Recovery Timeline
Days 1-5: Initial Healing
The first few days involve the most discomfort S1:
A bandage contact lens is placed to protect the healing surface
Discomfort typically peaks around day 2-3 (gritty, scratchy sensation)
Vision is typically blurry during this phase
Prescription eye drops and oral pain medication may be needed
Rest with eyes closed as much as possible
The epithelium (surface layer) completely regenerates within 4-5 days, at which point the bandage lens is removed S2.
Weeks 2-4: Vision Stabilization
Vision improves significantly but may fluctuate day to day
Continue prescribed eye drops as directed
Most patients can return to desk work within 1-2 weeks
Avoid rubbing your eyes or engaging in strenuous activity
Protect eyes from bright light with sunglasses, even indoors
Month 1-6: Final Results
Vision continues to stabilize over several months
Some patients experience halos or glare initially, which typically diminishes
Final refractive outcomes may take 3-6 months to emerge S1
Enhancement procedures may be considered if undercorrection persists
Medical Travelers
If traveling to Istanbul for PRK, plan to remain in the area for at least 5-7 days post-surgery before returning home. This allows for initial healing and follow-up appointments with your surgeon. Longer stays (10-14 days) provide additional safety margin for monitoring.
Risks and Side Effects
PRK has a well-established safety profile, but understanding potential risks helps with informed decision-making S1S3:
Common and Usually Temporary
Dry eye symptoms (may persist for several months)
Halos or glare around lights, especially at night
Light sensitivity
Fluctuating vision during healing
Less Common Complications
Corneal haze (cloudiness that may affect vision; often treatable with eye drops)
Undercorrection or overcorrection (may require enhancement)
Regression (gradual return of original prescription)
Infection (rare with proper post-operative care)
Factors that may increase risk include high myopia (greater than 8 diopters), irregular healing response, and inadequate post-operative medication use S3.
Understanding Corneal Haze
Corneal haze is a cloudiness that can occur in the healing cornea after PRK S3. Key points include:
Mild haze is common and typically resolves spontaneously
Significant haze affecting vision may require steroid eye drop treatment
Haze risk is highest in the first 2-3 months post-surgery
Proper use of prescribed eye drops helps minimize haze risk
Patients with high prescriptions may have slightly elevated haze risk
Post-Surgery Care
Following your surgeon's post-operative care instructions is critical for optimal outcomes S2:
Medications
Antibiotic eye drops to prevent infection
Anti-inflammatory eye drops to control healing response
Artificial tears to manage dry eye symptoms
Oral pain medication may be needed for the first few days
Daily Care
Avoid touching or rubbing your eyes
Use prescribed drops on schedule
Wear sunglasses outdoors for UV protection
Avoid swimming, hot tubs, and water activities for 2-4 weeks
Avoid eye makeup for 1-2 weeks
Activity Restrictions
No driving until cleared by your surgeon (typically 1-2 weeks)
Avoid contact sports for at least 1 month
Limit screen time and reading as needed during early healing
Avoid dusty or smoky environments
Warning Signs to Watch For
Contact your surgeon immediately if you experience S1:
Severe or increasing pain not relieved by medication
Sudden decrease in vision
Increasing redness or swelling
Pus or discharge from the eye
Halos or ghosting that worsens rather than improves
Signs of infection (fever, chills)
These symptoms may indicate complications requiring prompt medical attention.
Questions for Your Provider
When selecting a PRK provider, consider asking S2:
How many PRK procedures have you performed?
What laser technology do you use, and when was it last serviced?
What is your enhancement rate, and what are the fees?
What post-operative care is included?
How do you handle complications if they arise?
What is your protocol for international patients?
Choosing a PRK Surgeon
For medical travelers considering Istanbul, verify S2:
Surgeon Credentials
Board certification in ophthalmology
Fellowship training in cornea or refractive surgery
Years of experience with PRK specifically
Review credentials of our surgeons who specialize in corneal and refractive procedures
